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- FEBRUARY 1990
-
-
- ARSON INVESTIGATIONS
-
- By
-
- William A. Tobin
- Special Agent
- FBI Laboratory
- Washington, DC
-
-
- Collapsed furniture springs, which have been subjected to
- fire, have been used by arson investigators for many years, both
- as an indicator of arson and/or of a slow, smoldering source,
- such as a cigarette. However, FBI Laboratory research has
- revealed that collapsed springs are not a valid indicator of the
- presence of an accelerant or of a smoldering source.
-
- A review of the literature reveals that there are
- contradictory conclusions regarding the condition of springs
- subjected to fire. Some sources maintain that collapsed springs
- are, indeed, an indication of a slow, smoldering origin because
- of the consistent heat required to collapse them. Others argue
- that collapsed springs are positive proof of the presence of an
- accelerant because the temperature required to collapse the
- springs cannot be reached by the burning of normal building
- materials alone. The contradictory nature of these conclusions,
- therefore, suggests that a detailed metallurgical investigation
- was necessary to determine which theory was valid.
-
- When metals are subjected to elevated temperatures, many
- metallurgical parameters and considerations can come into play.
- Metallurgists have long known, for example, that in order for a
- metal to be of equal strength, it must be heated to a certain
- temperature in a certain amount of time. This can be
- accomplished by applying twice the heat in half the time, or half
- the heat in twice the time. The FBI Laboratory's investigation
- examined not only the interactions of time and temperature but
- also of chemical composition, fabrication history, and other
- metallurgical conditions.
-
- Part of the FBI's investigation involved actual test
- burnings of mattresses of varying inner-spring construction. The
- mattresses were placed in a room full of furniture at the FBI's
- Test Burn Facility in Quantico, VA. To simulate an
- accelerant-based fire, gasoline was poured on the mattresses and
- ignited. To simulate a cigarette or other slow, smoldering type
- of fire, 10 ml of propanol was placed on the mattresses and
- ignited. After the resulting fires were allowed to burn for
- varying amounts of time, they were extinguished and data,
- including photographs, were collected. The most notable
- conclusion was that within the same mattress, there were both
- collapsed and uncollapsed springs. Therefore, consistent with
- metallurgical expectations, controlled testing revealed that the
- collapsed, partially collapsed or uncollapsed condition of
- furniture springs is of no value as an indicator of arson or of a
- slow, smoldering fire.
-